Interactive flyer system

ABSTRACT

An interactive flyer system is disclosed. The system includes a flyer image tiler for creating a flyer image tile set, the set including multiple copies of a flyer image segmented into a plurality of flyer image tiles with each copy representing the flyer image at one of a plurality of zoom levels, wherein a copy of the multiple copies is configured to fit within a viewport having a resolution, and a flyer image tile store for storing the flyer image tile set. There is also disclosed a method for displaying the interactive digital flyer.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to digital flyers and, in particular, toan interactive digital flyer.

BACKGROUND

Marketing is an integral part of doing business that allows businessesto identify and attract new and potential customers to the business. Itis also an important strategy to ensure that past customers becomerepeat customers.

There are many forms of marketing. However, one of the oldest forms ofmarketing is the use of information pamphlets to inform the public aboutthe wares and services that the business offers. Such pamphlets can begenerally referred to as “flyers”, but which can also be referred to asa circular, handbill, leaflet, or ad. A more comprehensive pamphletabout wares carried by the business may also be referred to as acatalogue, parts book, and trade literature. Collectively, such forms ofinformation pamphlets will be described hereonin as a “flyer”.

Flyers are often used not only to inform the public about the wares andservices offered by the business but also to convey information aboutprices and special deals, often for a limited time. For example, agrocery store may circulate a printed flyer advertising produce andmeats on sale. In addition, the printed flyer may contain coupons thatentitle the purchaser to a certain discount. This coupon not onlyentices the customer to visit the store but also provides feedback tothe store about the effectiveness of the printed flyer in generatingbusiness.

To distribute such printed flyers, a popular distribution medium hasbeen to insert the flyers into newspapers in order to piggyback thedistribution channels of widely read newspapers. Another often usedmedium is direct home distribution—a practice homeowners and rentersoften call “junk mail”. However, distribution of printed flyers oftencame at great expense due to the number of flyers that had to be printedfor distribution. Furthermore, environmentally conscious consumers oftenbalked at the waste generated by the printed flyers.

With the digital revolution, businesses began to embrace the concept of“digital flyers”. Digital flyers (also referred to as electronic flyers,online flyers, and Internet flyers) offer a significant cost saving overthe traditional printed flyers and are “greener” than traditionalprinted flyers. Thus, the digital flyers industry has steadily grown,with many businesses, having an online presence, using digital flyers tomarket their products and services.

Presently, digital flyers are created by scanning each page of theprinted flyers. In order to obtain high quality images, scanning must bedone at a sufficiently high resolution. Alternatively, digital flyersmay be provided by the retailers, which would also be used to print thepaper version of the flyers. With the digital images, the digital flyeris created by stitching together the various images in a sequence thatcorresponds to the paper version of the same flyer. However, because ofthe size of is the digital image, there is often associated a slowbrowsing time. Moreover, because the flyer is simply an image, there arelittle additional functions and information associated with the digitalflyer.

More advanced systems for providing digital flyers do exist. Suchsystems allow for a more fluid browser experience such as the ability tozoom-in and zoom-out of the image and have mechanisms to provideadditional information about each item in the flyer (e.g. productdescription). However, the advanced systems rely on browser plug-in suchas Adobe® Flash or other proprietary framework that requires a bulkyinitial download and lengthy installation. Moreover, the proprietarydigital flyer system that runs on such proprietary framework are complexand requires significant resources on the client's device (such as a PC,Mac, smartphones, tablets and any other communications devices) to runsmoothly.

In addition to the burden imposed on the client's device, there is ahigh operational burden for the businesses preparing the digital flyer.On existing systems, in order to provide any additional information onthe flyer, the image had to be manually labelled and tagged. Forexample, to provide information about products presented on the flyer,each product had to be tagged. This is a time consuming process.

Lastly, existing digital flyers (like traditional paper flyers) do notprovide detailed insights and feedback to the businesses as to how andwhere the viewers were interested and interacted with the flyer. Atmost, digital and printed flyers may provide feedback about viewer'sinterest in a particular product through coupons (in printed flyers) orclick-throughs of manually tagged items (in digital flyers).

Therefore, a new generation of interactive digital flyers that addressesat least some of these shortcomings would be highly desirable.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is disclosed aninteractive digital flyer system comprising: a flyer image tiler forcreating a flyer image tile set, the set including multiple copies of aflyer image segmented into a plurality of flyer image tiles with eachcopy representing the flyer image at one of a plurality of zoom levels,wherein a copy of the multiple copies is configured to fit within aviewport having a resolution; and a flyer image tile store for storingthe flyer image tile set.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there isdisclosed a method of creating a flyer image tile set using a flyerimage, the method comprising: determining a first dimension associatedwith a resolution of a viewport of a communication device; determining afirst scaling factor for scaling the flyer image to fit within the firstdimension of the viewport; determining a second dimension associatedwith a resolution required to display the flyer image at sufficientdetail; determining a second scaling factor for scaling the flyer imageto fit within the second dimension; determining a range between thefirst and second scaling factors, the range being used to determine aplurality of zoom levels; and generating a copy of the flyer image ateach of the plurality of zoom levels, the copy being segmented intotiles.

In accordance with to another aspect of the present disclosure there isprovided a computer readable storage medium storing instructions orstatements for use in the execution in a processor of a method forcreating a flyer image tile set using a flyer image as described above.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there isdisclosed a method of displaying an interactive digital flyer on acommunication device, the method comprising: requesting at thecommunication device for an interactive digital flyer at an initial zoomlevel, the request comprising device information of the communicationdevice; receiving a flyer image tile within a flyer image tile set ofthe requested interactive digital flyer, the set including multiplecopies of a flyer image segmented into tiles with each copy representingthe flyer image at one of a plurality of zoom levels, the flyer imagetile at the initial zoom level being associated with a is copy of themultiple copies configured to fit within the viewport; and displayingthe flyer image tile at the initial zoom level in the viewport.

In accordance with to another aspect of the present disclosure there isprovided a computer readable storage medium storing instructions orstatements for use in the execution in a processor of a method fordisplaying an interactive digital flyer on a communication device asdescribed above.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there isdisclosed a method of processing an interactive digital flyercomprising: receiving a request for an interactive digital flyer at aninitial zoom level, the request comprising device information of thecommunication device; retrieving from a flyer image tile store a flyerimage tile within a flyer image tile set of the requested interactivedigital flyer, the set including multiple copies of a flyer imagesegmented into tiles with each copy representing the flyer image at oneof a plurality of zoom levels, the flyer image tile at the initial zoomlevel being associated with a copy of the multiple copies configured tofit within the viewport; and sending the retrieved flyer image tile tothe communication device.

In accordance with to another aspect of the present disclosure there isprovided a computer readable storage medium storing instructions orstatements for use in the execution in a processor of a method forprocessing an interactive digital flyer as described above.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there isdisclosed a method of generating an interactive digital flyer using aflyer image, the method comprising: creating a base layer comprising aflyer image tile within a flyer image tile set, the set includingmultiple copies of the flyer image segmented into a plurality of flyerimage tiles with each copy representing the flyer image at one of aplurality of zoom levels, wherein a copy of the multiple copies isconfigured to fit within a viewport having a resolution; and defining ageometry layer including co-ordinate and scaling information for theflyer image tile set.

In accordance with to another aspect of the present disclosure there isprovided a computer readable storage medium storing instructions orstatements for use in the execution in a processor of a method ofgenerating an interactive digital flyer using a flyer image as describedabove.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there isdisclosed a method of creating a digital flyer with contextualinformation in a viewport of a communication device, the methodcomprising: receiving a source flyer image and polygon mappinginformation associated with a digital flyer from a server, the polygonmapping information comprising a polygon for defining a polygonal areaon the source flyer image, the polygon being tagged with contextualinformation; and overlaying the source flyer image with the polygonmapping information.

In accordance with to another aspect of the present disclosure there isprovided a computer readable storage medium storing instructions orstatements for use in the execution in a processor of a method ofcreating a digital flyer with contextual information in a viewport of acommunication device as described above.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there isdisclosed a system for contextualizing a digital flyer, comprising: apolygon mapping module for incorporating contextual information in thedigital flyer using polygon mapping information, the polygon mappinginformation comprising a polygon for defining a polygonal area on asource flyer image of the digital flyer, the polygon being tagged withthe contextual information; and a flyer data store for storing thetagged polygon.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there isdisclosed a method of generating feedback for a digital flyer, themethod comprising: retrieving device information of a communicationdevice from a feedback data store; retrieving polygon mappinginformation from a flyer data store, the polygon mapping informationcomprising a polygon for defining a polygonal area on a source flyerimage of the digital flyer, the polygon being tagged with contextualinformation; determining proportion of the viewport area occupied by thepolygon; varying a pageview associated with the polygon based on thedetermined proportion; and generating a feedback report based on thepageview.

In accordance with to another aspect of the present disclosure there isprovided a computer readable storage medium storing instructions orstatements for use in the execution in a processor of a method ofgenerating feedback for a digital flyer as described above.

In some embodiment, the interactive digital flyer system may respond toa request from a communication device by serving the flyer image tiledisplayable in the viewport of the communication device, or to be cachedat the communication device, or both.

In some embodiment, the interactive digital flyer system may include aflyer data store for storing flyer-related information.

In some embodiment, the flyer-related information may include contextualinformation, point of interest, product specific information, orfeedback information, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiment, the flyer image tile store includes a plurality offlyer image tile sets, each set comprising a copy of the flyer imageconfigured to fit within one of a plurality of viewport resolutions.

In some embodiment, the plurality of viewport resolutions is associatedwith known resolutions of display screens.

In some embodiment, the interactive digital flyer system may include afeedback data store for storing feedback information.

In some embodiment, the feedback information may include viewscore foreach flyer image tile, the viewscore being varied when the flyer imagetile is served to a communication device.

In some embodiment, the feedback information may include date and timeat which the viewscore was varied, an IP address of the communicationdevice, or locale information of the communication device, or acombination thereof.

In some embodiment, the magnitude of variation of the viewscore may bedependent on the flyer image tile served, position of the flyer imagetile served relative to the viewport, or the zoom level of the flyerimage tile served, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiment, the viewscore may be used to generate a feedbackreport, to validate flyer-related information stored in a flyer datastore, or both.

In some embodiment, the feedback report may be a frequency map, heatmap, impression report, time-elapsed frequency map, timeline-basedfrequency map, or animated frequency map, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiment, the feedback information may be used to validateflyer-related information stored in a flyer data store.

In some embodiment, the flyer image tile to be cached at thecommunication device may be determined based on feedback informationfrom a feedback store, a viewport information associated with theviewport of the communication device, or flyer-related information froma flyer data store, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiment, the plurality of zoom levels may be determined basedon a binary zoom ratio, a flexible zoom ratio, or both.

In some embodiment, one of the copy of the flyer image at one of theplurality of zoom levels may be removed from the flyer image tile set.

In some embodiment, a new copy of the flyer image, segmented in tiles,at a new zoom level absent from the plurality of zoom levels may beadded to the flyer image tile set.

In some embodiment, the method of displaying an interactive digitalflyer may further comprise: requesting at the communication device for anew flyer image tile based on a viewer action, the request comprisingdevice information; receiving the new flyer image tile based on theviewer action and displayable within the viewport of the communicationdevice; and displaying the new flyer image tile in the viewport.

In some embodiment, the viewer action may be a zoom-in, zoom-out, orpan, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiment, the communication device may receive the new flyerimage tile not yet displayable within the viewport of the communicationdevice but for caching in a memory of the communication device.

In some embodiment, the communication device may further request forflyer-related information associated with the requested interactivedigital flyer; and receive the requested flyer-related information.

In some embodiment, the flyer-related information may be displayed onthe viewport of the communication device as a table of content, anavigation strip or both.

In some embodiment, the method of processing an interactive digitalflyer may further comprise: receiving a request for a new flyer imagetile based on a viewer action, the request including information relatedto the viewport of the communication device; retrieving the new flyerimage tile from the flyer image tile store, the new flyer image tilebeing associated with the viewer action and displayable within theviewport of the communication device; and sending the new flyer imagetile to the communication device.

In some embodiment, the method of processing an interactive digitalflyer may further comprise: retrieving the new flyer image tile from theflyer image tile store, the new flyer image tile for caching at thecommunication device.

In some embodiment, the method of processing an interactive digitalflyer may further comprise: retrieving flyer-related informationassociated with the requested interactive digital flyer from a flyerdata store; and sending the retrieved flyer-related information to thecommunication device.

In some embodiment, the method of generating an interactive digitalflyer further comprises assigning an initial viewscore to the flyerimage tiles.

In some embodiment, the method of generating an interactive digitalflyer further comprises creating a data layer having flyer-relatedinformation.

In some embodiment, the contextual information may include polygonmapping information.

In some embodiment, the base layer may include a plurality of flyerimage tile sets, each set comprising a copy of the flyer imageconfigured to fit within one of a plurality of viewport resolutions.

In some embodiment, the method of creating a digital flyer withcontextual information further comprises: receiving point of interestinformation associated with the digital flyer from the server; andoverlaying the source flyer image with the point of interestinformation.

In some embodiment, the method of creating a digital flyer withcontextual information further comprises: generating navigationalinformation using the polygon mapping information; and displaying thenavigational information in a navigation interface.

In some embodiment, the navigational information includes a table ofcontent, or a navigation strip, or both.

In some embodiment, the table of content may be generated by: locatingall top-level polygons not contained within any other polygon; locatingall next-level polygons contained in the top-level polygons but notcontained within any other polygon; setting the next-level polygonslocated as the new top-level polygons; and repeating locating all thenext-level polygons contained in the new top-level polygon but notcontained with any other polygon until all the next-level polygons arelocated.

In some embodiment, a selected entry within the generated table ofcontent may be indicated by zooming into the associated polygonal area,or by highlighting the associated polygonal area.

In some embodiment, the navigation strip includes a directlyproportional navigation strip, a text-only proportional navigationstrip, or an area proportional navigation strip, or a combinationthereof.

In some embodiment, the directly proportional navigation strip may begenerated by: applying a scaling factor to the polygon; labelling thescaled polygon with the contextual information corresponding to thepolygon; and displaying the scaled polygon in the navigation interface.

In some embodiment, the text-only proportional navigation strip may begenerated by: applying a scaling factor to the polygon; labelling thescaled polygon at a reference point with the contextual informationcorresponding to the polygon; creating a bounding box around the label;removing the scaled polygon; and displacing the label in a referencedirection until the bounding box encounters a bounding box of anotherlabel or an edge of the navigation strip.

In some embodiment, the area proportional navigation strip may begenerated by: determining a scaling factor relating the polygonal areaof the polygon to distance on the navigation strip; ordering the polygonbased on a criteria; and creating the navigation strip using the orderedpolygon, wherein the distance on the navigation strip being determinedby applying the scaling factor to the polygonal area of the orderedpolygon.

In some embodiment, the method of creating a digital flyer withcontextual information further comprises: generating related informationusing the polygon mapping information; and displaying the relatedinformation in a related information interface.

In some embodiment, the related information may be generated using thepolygon mapping information by: retrieving a related digital flyer, therelevancy being based on the polygon mapping information of the digitalflyer and polygon mapping information of the related digital flyer;ordering the retrieved related digital flyer based on the relevancy ifthere are more than one related digital flyer; and displaying theretrieved related digital flyers in the related information interface.

In some embodiment, the retrieved relevant digital flyer may bedisplayed in the related information interface using an areaproportional navigation strip.

In some embodiment, the viewport information may be displayed in thenavigation interface or related information interface using thedetermined scaling factor.

In some embodiment, the source flyer image comprises a flyer image tileset, the set including multiple copies of a flyer image segmented into aplurality of flyer image tiles with each copy representing the flyerimage at one of a plurality of zoom levels, wherein a copy of themultiple copies is configured to fit within a viewport having aresolution.

In some embodiment, the communication device may send device informationrelated to the communication device to the server.

In some embodiment, the device information comprises viewportinformation, date, time, time elapsed, session information, viewerinformation, or information related to the communication device, or acombination thereof.

In some embodiment, the polygon mapping module includes an interface toallow a user to define the polygon and tag the polygon with thecontextual information.

In some embodiment, the interface is configured to allow the user todefine a point of interest on the flyer image.

In some embodiment, the interface provides feedback informationretrieved from a feedback data store to the user to help the user definethe point of interest.

In some embodiment, the polygon mapping module tags the polygon, ordefines a point of interest on the source flyer image based onpredetermined information.

In some embodiment, the predetermined information comprises feedbackinformation from a feedback data store.

In some embodiment, varying a pageview associated with the polygon basedon the determined proportion includes varying the pageview of thepolygon by a multiple of the determined proportion, or by the determinedproportion corrected by a weighting factor.

In some embodiment, the weighting factor is associated with a typicalviewport information.

In some embodiment, the polygon in the polygon mapping information maybe used to better predict which one of a plurality of flyer image tileswithin a flyer image tile set to serve to the communication device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features of the disclosure will become more apparentfrom the following description in which reference is made to theappended drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a communication system in which anembodiment of the present technology may be applied;

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an interactive flyer system according toan embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 3 illustrates the layers of an interactive flyer according to anembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 4A illustrates an interactive flyer at the most zoomed-out levelconfigured to fit within a viewport of a display of a communicationdevice;

FIG. 4B illustrates the interactive flyer of FIG. 4A at the next zoomlevel;

FIG. 5 shows a process for generating the interactive flyer according toan embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 6 illustrates a process for preparing a flyer image for use in thebase layer as shown in FIG. 3 in generating an interactive flyer;

FIG. 7 illustrates a process for segmenting the flyer image according toan embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary flyer image tile set segmented using abinary zoom ratio;

FIG. 9 illustrates another exemplary flyer image tile set segmentedusing a flexible zoom ratio;

FIG. 10A depicts a process for a communication device for requesting andreceiving a flyer image tile set at an initial zoom level;

FIG. 10B depicts a process for an interactive flyer system forresponding to a request as described in FIG. 10A;

FIG. 11A depicts a process for a communication device for requesting andreceiving a flyer image tile based on viewer action;

FIG. 11B depicts a process for an interactive flyer system forresponding to a request as described in FIG. 11A;

FIG. 12 shows a flyer image contextualized through polygon mappingaccording to an embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 13 illustrates a process for contextualizing a flyer image usingpolygons;

FIG. 14 illustrates a process for displaying a digital flyer withcontextual information;

FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of navigational information generatedusing polygon mapping;

FIG. 16 shows a process for generating the embodiment as shown in FIG.15 using the polygon mapping information;

FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of navigation informationgenerated using polygon mapping;

FIG. 18 shows a process for generating one of the embodiments as shownin FIG. 17 using the polygon mapping information;

FIG. 19A shows a process for generating one of the embodiments as shownin FIG. 17 using the polygon mapping information;

FIG. 19B shows the visual representation of the process in FIG. 19A;

FIG. 20 shows a process for generating one of the embodiments as shownin FIG. 17 using the polygon mapping information;

FIG. 21 illustrates a process for generating related information usingcontextual information contained in another related flyer;

FIG. 22 illustrates the related information generated using the processin FIG. 21;

FIG. 23A illustrates a snapshot of a viewer's viewport constructed usingdevice information and polygon mapping information according to anembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 23B illustrates the snapshot of FIG. 23A with an altered viewportsize;

FIG. 24 illustrates a process for generating feedback using the deviceinformation and polygon mapping information according to an embodimentof the present technology;

FIG. 25 depicts an embodiment of a feedback report generated usingfeedback data stored in the feedback system;

FIG. 26 depicts another embodiment of a feedback report generated usingfeedback data stored in the feedback system;

FIG. 27 depicts a process implementing a feedback system according toanother embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 28 depicts another embodiment of a feedback report generated usingfeedback data stored in the feedback system;

FIG. 29 illustrates an embodiment for predictively caching the flyerimage tiles by using the feedback data stored in the feedback system;and

FIG. 30 illustrates another embodiment for predictively caching theflyer image tiles by using contextual information conveyed throughpolygon mapping information.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure generally concerns an interactive digital flyersystem having a multi-layer structure. The base layer includes a flyerimage segmented into tiles that can be retrieved individually based onviewer action without loading the entire flyer image. The interactiveflyer may further include a data layer that includes context informationdefined using polygons. The tiled flyer image permits the communicationdevice to only download the appropriate tiles and thus minimizesdownload and improves efficiency. The tiled nature of the flyer imagealso allows the interactive flyer system to provide detailed implicitfeedback information based on the tiles that were served to thecommunication device. Moreover, the context information defined usingpolygons allow for conveyance of contextual information quickly withless operational burden. The spatial and inclusionary relationshipconveyed by the polygons may also be used to generate navigationinformation and to link to other related information. Furthermore, thepolygon mapping information may be used in conjunction with deviceinformation to generate feedback information.

In this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,”“an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical andscientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonlyunderstood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosurebelongs.

It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” or“comprising”, or both when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of oneor more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof.

The term “flyer”, as described above, will be used generally to refer toforms of marketing that includes information about the wares andservices that businesses offer. “Flyer” may also be known as circulars,pamphlets, handbills, leaflets, ads, catalogues, parts books, and tradeliteratures. In this specification, the term “flyer” will be used tocollectively refer to the aforementioned forms of marketing.

The terms “interactive flyer”, “digital flyer”, and “interactive digitalflyer” in this disclosure may be used interchangeably to refer to aflyer generated by an interactive flyer system according to anembodiment of the present technology.

The terms “left”, “right”, “up”, and “bottom” in the present disclosurerefers generally to the direction with respect to the viewport of thecommunication device. It will be understood that these terms arerelative to the orientation of the viewport.

The terms “vertical”/“height”/“y-axis” and “horizontal”/“width”/“x-axis”in the present disclosure are used with respect to the viewport of thecommunication device. It will be understood that these terms arerelative to the orientation of the viewport.

The term “device information” refers to information about thecommunication device. For example, the device information may includeviewport information, timezone of the device, date and time at which thecommunication device is being operated, IP address, geographic locale,operating system, Internet browser information and other information.The viewport information is information related to the viewport of thecommunication device, including information about the display of thecommunication device.

The term “feedback information” refers to information used in generatinga feedback report. In one embodiment, the feedback information mayinclude device information sent from the communication device todetermine, in conjunction with polygon mapping information, pageviews togenerate the feedback report. In another implementation, the feedbackinformation may include viewscore of each flyer image tile, which may beused to generate the feedback report.

The term “user” in the present disclosure is used to refer to any userof the interactive flyer system including publishers, vendors andviewers.

The term “publisher” refers to the user of the interactive flyer systemresponsible for preparing the interactive digital flyer according to anembodiment of the present technology.

The term “vendor” or “merchant” in this disclosure may be usedinterchangeably to refer to the business using the interactive digitalflyer for marketing and business purposes.

The term “viewer” refers to the user of the interactive flyer systemviewing the interactive digital flyer according to an embodiment of thepresent technology.

The term “wireless communication technology” is intended to describe anycommunication protocol that enables a communication device tocommunicate with a server without wires. By way of example, but notlimitation, wireless communication protocol may include IEEE 802.11xstandards (sometimes referred to as Wi-Fi) such as, for example, theIEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and/or 802.11n standard. Othercommunication protocols include: IEEE 802.16e (also referred to asWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access or “WiMAX”); IEEE 802.20(also referred to as Mobile Wireless Broadband Access); Mobitex RadioNetwork, DataTAC; GPRS (General Packet Radio System); TDMA (TimeDivision Multiple Access) including GSM (Global System for MobileCommunication); CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) including CDMA 2000and UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access); FDMA (Frequency DivisionMultiple Access); OFDMA (Orthogonal FDMA), SC-FDMA (Single-CarrierFDMA); CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data); iDEN (integrated DigitalEnhanced Network); EvDO (Evolution-Data Optimized); EDGE (Enhanced Datarates for GSM Evolution); UMTS (Universal Mobile TelecommunicationSystems); HSPDA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access); and other variousnetwork technologies, including LTE-advanced technologies. An OFDMAsystem utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) andsends modulation symbols in the frequency domain on orthogonalsubcarriers, and may be implemented in technologies such as E-UTRA orE-UTRAN.

The details and particulars of these aspects of the technology will nowbe described below, by way of example, with reference to the attacheddrawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a block diagram of a communicationsystem 100 in which an embodiment of the present technology can beapplied. It should be expressly understood that this figure isintentionally simplified to show only certain main components. Thecommunication system 100 may include other components beyond what isillustrated in FIG. 1.

The communication system 100 includes a number of communication devices102,104, 106 which may be connected to the communication system 100 inany of several different ways. Accordingly, three different types ofcommunication devices 102, 104, 106 are depicted in FIG. 1 employingdifferent exemplary ways of connecting to the communication system 100.It should be expressly understood that communication devices other thanthose shown in FIG. 1 may be used to connect to the communication system100. Communication devices 102, 104, 106 may be connected to the server160 using wireless technologies or wired communication technologies.

In one embodiment, communication devices 102, 104 may connect to theserver 160 using wireless communication technology 110. To facilitatethe provision of wireless technology 110, there may be provided one ormore wireless RF Access Points (AP) 112 and base station 114.

In another embodiment, communication device 106 may connect to theserver 160 using wired communication technology 120 such as IEEE 802.3standard. Other wired communication technologies may be contemplated bya skilled person in the art.

Using wireless or wired technologies, communication devices 102, 104,106 connect to the network gateway 130. The internal network 150 istypically behind a firewall 140, which serves to safeguard the internalnetwork 150 from unauthorized access. Only authorized communicationdevices 102, 104, 106 are granted access to the server 160.

Now turning to FIG. 2, a block diagram of an interactive flyer system200 is shown. It should be expressly understood that this figure isintentionally simplified to show only certain main components. Theinteractive flyer system 200 may include other components beyond what isillustrated in FIG. 2. In one implementation, the interactive flyersystem 200 may be implemented in the server 160. In anotherimplementation, the interactive flyer system 200 may be implemented in adistributed environment.

As shown in FIG. 2, the interactive flyer system 200 includes a flyerimage tiler 210 and a flyer image tile store 220. Additionally, theinteractive flyer system 200 may include components for contextualizingthe interactive flyer. The components may include a polygon mappingmodule 230 and a flyer data store 240. Furthermore, the interactiveflyer system 200 may also include a feedback data store 250 and afeedback data analyzer 260. While the components of the interactiveflyer system 200 are shown in FIG. 2 as distinct components, it will beunderstood that they may be implemented as a single component or groupedin any combination of components. Moreover, some of the components mayreside externally. For example, the flyer image tile store 220 may belocated remotely and accessed when generating the interactive flyer. Theflyer image tile store 220, flyer data store 240, and feedback datastore 250 may be implemented in any form of memory such as, but notlimited to, random access memory (RAM), flash memory, magnetic disk,solid state drives or other forms of storage format.

Thus, as it will be described below, an interactive digital flyercomprises a base layer, a geometry layer and, optionally, a data layer.The base layer includes a source flyer image. However, according to anembodiment of the present technology, the source flyer image is a flyerimage tile set having at least one flyer image tile. The flyer imagetile set includes multiple copies of the flyer image at various zoomlevels, with a copy of the flyer image at the most zoomed-out levelbeing sized and formatted to fit within the resolution of the viewportof the communication device. Each copy of the flyer image at the varyingzoom levels is segmented into tiles. The geometry layer containsco-ordinate and scaling information associated with the flyer imagetiles. Where the interactive flyer system 200 includes a flyer datastore 240, the interactive digital flyer may also include a data layer.Flyer data may include polygon mapping information, product data, pointof interest information, feedback data and other information that willbe discussed below. It will be understood that the interactive flyer mayinclude a single data layer containing all the flyer data or may includemultiple data layers with each data layer containing a type of flyerdata. For example, first data layer may include polygon mapping data,second data layer may include product data, and so on.

The combination of these layers thus provides for an advancedinteractive flyer. The base layer comprising of at least one set offlyer image tiles and the geometry layer enables the interactive flyersystem 200 to provide advanced features such as zoom and pan without anyadditional proprietary software such as Adobe® Flash or Microsoft®Silverlight when used in a web browser. Moreover, the data layerprovides contextual information that can be used in variety of ways toprovide for advanced features. Where interactive flyer system 200includes a feedback system, the data layer may be dynamically updatedaccording to viewer behaviour. Thus the interactive flyer can changewith viewer actions. These and other features of the interactive flyersystem 200 will now be described in detail.

Interactive Flyer Structure

The interactive flyer according to the present technology comprises ofseveral layers of information. Turning to FIG. 3, at its base, theinteractive flyer includes the source flyer image. However, instead of asingle image, the base layer 300 comprises multiple sets (e.g. 300 a,300 b, 300 c) of the flyer image for various screen resolutions, witheach set including multiple copies (e.g. 300 a 1, 300 a 2, 300 a 3) ofthe flyer image and with each copy being the flyer image at a particularzoom level.

In FIG. 3, the base layer 300 includes three sets (300 a, 300 b, and 300c) of the flyer image, each set for different resolution of a viewportof a communication device. In each set, there contains multiple copies(e.g. 300 a 1, 300 a 2, 300 a 3) of the flyer image, with each copyrepresenting a zoom level. In FIG. 3, each set (300 a, 300 b and 300 c)is shown with three zoom levels (or two zoom steps) (e.g. 300 a 1, 300 a2, and 300 a 3), with each copy of the flyer image in the set beingsegmented into tiles. In other words, there are at least one set offlyer images (e.g. 300 a, 300 b, 300 c) where the most zoomed-out levelof the flyer image in the set (e.g. 300 a 1, 300 b 1 or 300 c 1) isconfigured such that the entire flyer image fits within the viewport.Thus, in FIG. 3, the most zoomed-out level flyer image in the set (e.g.300 a 1, 300 b 1, 300 c 1) is configured to fit three differentresolutions of a viewport. For example, 300 a 1, 300 b 1 and 300 c 1 maybe the flyer images for a communication device having resolutions 1024by 768, 1280 by 800, and 1920 by 1080. From that zoomed-out level, eachcopy thereafter represents the flyer image at an increasing zoom level.

While FIG. 3 depicts three sets of the flyer image, it will beunderstood that there may be more or less than three sets of the flyerimage. The details of segmenting the flyer image will be described infurther details below.

The interactive flyer further includes a geometry layer 302 thatprovides a reference system in the digital space for the tiled flyerimages. For example, the geometry layer 302 may include a 2D X-Ycoordinate system and scaling system to allow the digital flyer toseamlessly pan and zoom using the tiled images. Referring to FIG. 4A, ascreen 400 is shown with its viewport 402 occupying a majority of thescreen space. In the viewport 402, there is shown a flyer image 404configured to fit the entire flyer image 404 within the viewport 402. Inother words, the most zoomed-out view of the flyer image 404 in the tileset is configured to fit within the viewport 402.

To implement seamless panning and zooming of the flyer images using thetile set, a coordinate and scaling system may be used. In thisembodiment, the coordinate system may designate the bottom left cornerof the flyer image 404 as the starting coordinate (0,0). This allows theinteractive flyer system 200 to determine where and how the viewerinteracted with the flyer image 404. For example, if the viewer hoversusing a mouse pointer 406 as shown in FIG. 4A and requests a zoom-inaction (e.g. using a scroll wheel), the interactive flyer system 200 maydetermine which flyer image tile to retrieve as follows. First, usingthe coordinate system, the system is able to determine where in theflyer image the mouse pointer 406 is hovering. This can be done byconverting the coordinate where the mouse pointer 406 is located topixel equivalent of the flyer image 404. In one embodiment, the systemmay utilize the resolution (e.g. DPI (dots per inch)) of the flyerimage. Thereafter, the system may retrieve the tiled images in the nextzoom level that is displayable within the viewport 402. For example,FIG. 4B depicts the flyer image 410 at the next zoom level. As it can beseen, the flyer image 410 at the next zoom level is greater inresolution and thus, larger than the flyer image 404 at the previouszoom level. At this zoom level, the system retrieves the shaded flyerimage tiles 412 that are displayable within the viewport 402. Thus, asthe viewer pans using the pointer 414, the appropriate flyer image tilesare loaded and shown in the viewport 402.

The interactive flyer may also include a data layer 304 that providesflyer-related information such as context (i.e. polygon mappinginformation as it will described below), product data, points ofinterest and feedback information.

Thus, according to an embodiment of the present technology, aninteractive flyer is generated by creating a base layer comprising atleast one flyer image tile within a flyer image tile set (i.e. 500 inFIG. 5). Each flyer image tile set represents the flyer image configuredfor common resolutions of a display of a communication device. Forexample, there may be two sets of flyer image tiles with one setconfigured for a display having 1920 by 1080 resolution and the otherset configured for a display having 1024 by 768 resolution. In each set,there contains multiple copies of the flyer image, with each copyrepresenting the flyer image at a particular zoom level. Furthermore,each copy of the flyer image is segmented into tiles. Thereafter, ageometry layer is defined with the geometry layer containing co-ordinateand scaling information about the flyer image tiles (i.e. 502 in FIG.5). The interactive flyer may further include creating a data layerhaving flyer-related information (i.e. 504 in FIG. 5). The data layermay further include context, points of interest, product specific dataand feedback information. As discussed above, there may be one or moredata layers incorporating the flyer-related information.

While FIG. 5 depicts a process comprising process elements 500, 502 and504 in order, it will be understood that the process elements 500, 502and 504 may be carried out in other orders. It will also be understoodthat other process depicted in other figures may also be carried out inother orders as reasonably contemplated.

Tiled Flyer Image

Referring to FIG. 6, preparation of the flyer image tile set for use inthe base layer of the interactive flyer begins with obtaining the flyerimage. The flyer image may be provided by the retailer or may be scannedfrom the printed-version of the flyer. The flyer image is thennormalized (i.e. 600 in FIG. 6). Normalization refers to the process ofmanipulating the flyer image to conform the flyer image to a standardformat. This may entail applying some form of image processing, such ascrop, image alignment, image adjustment and image scaling.

The normalized flyer image is then segmented into tiles (i.e. 602 inFIG. 6). Tiles are portions of the flyer image at varying resolutionsoptimized for different screen sizes and resolutions. Because of thebounded nature of a flyer, the flyer image is optimized such that, atthe most zoomed-out level, the full image of the flyer fits within thedimensions of the viewport, while at the most zoomed-in level, the flyerpage includes the necessary level of details. For example, if the flyerpage includes fine prints, the most zoomed-in level should includesufficient level of detail to allow the viewer to read the fine prints.

Using this range (i.e. the most zoomed-out to zoomed-in level) asreference, the flyer image tiler 210 generates multiple copies of theflyer image at different resolutions, with each copy representing theflyer image at increasing zoom level. In other words, with the rangedetermined, the flyer image tiler 210 generates a copy of the flyerimage for each zoom level, with each copy containing more resolutionsthan the previous copy to provide greater level of detail. Thesemultiple copies represent one set of the flyer image tiles (e.g. 300 ain FIG. 3) and the process is repeated for other commonly knownresolutions of display screens (e.g. 300 b and 300 c in FIG. 3). Thegenerated tiles, the normalized flyer image, and the information relatedto the flyer image (i.e. coordinate system and zoom levels) may then bestored in the flyer image tile store 220 (i.e. 604 in FIG. 6).

Turning to FIGS. 7-9, an example embodiment of segmentation of the flyerimage will be described in detail (i.e. 602 in FIG. 6). The flyer imagetiler 210 determines the dimension associated with the resolution of theviewport (i.e. 700 in FIG. 7). Using the dimension, the flyer imagetiler 210 determines a first scaling factor (“β₁”) for scaling the flyerimage so that the entire flyer image fits within the determineddimension (i.e. 702 in FIG. 7).

The flyer image tiler 210 then determines the dimension associated witha resolution required to display the flyer image at sufficient detail(i.e. 704 in FIG. 7). For example, the flyer may contain fine printsthat require a particular resolution for the viewer to be able to readthe fine prints. Using this dimension, the flyer image tiler 210 is ableto determine a second scaling factor (“β₂”) for scaling the flyer imagesuch that the image includes the requisite details at the most zoomed-in(i.e. blown up) state (i.e. 706 in FIG. 7).

The flyer image tiler 210 then determines the range (“R”) between thefirst and second scaling factor (i.e. 708 in FIG. 7). For example, ifβ₁=1 and β₂=12, R=12 (i.e. β₂/β₁). In other words, the range is a factorof the available dimension of the viewport and the dimension of theoriginal flyer image where sufficient level of detail can be seen.

The flyer image tiler 210 then generates a copy of the flyer image ateach zoom level between the range, with each copy being segmented intotiles (i.e. 710 in FIG. 7). In one implementation, each zoom level is 2times the previous zoom level (i.e. FIG. 8). In another implementation,the zoom level is flexible to allow the system to choose the mostappropriate zoom ratio given the range and the number of zoom stepsrequired (i.e. FIG. 9).

In the first implementation, the number of zoom steps is inflexiblebecause each zoom level is 2 times the previous zoom level. In otherwords, the zoom ratio is 2 and the number of zoom steps is determined bythis zoom ratio. To determine the number of zoom steps required, thesystem determines the smallest power of 2 that is equal to or greaterthan the range, which will be hereinafter referred to as R_(p). Forexample, if the range required is 12, the system determines R_(p) to be16 (2⁴). This means that 4 zoom steps (i.e. transition steps between 1×,2×, 4×, 8× and 16×) are required to achieve a range of 12. Because 12 isnot a power of 2, the system determines R_(p), which serves to ensurethat the system provides equal or greater level of detail. In thisexample, to achieve a range of 12 using a zoom level of 2, the systemdetermines that minimum of 4 zoom steps are required.

Referring to FIG. 8, a tile set 800 for a given screen resolution isshown. With the given screen resolution, the flyer image tiler 210determines the available screen dimension (i.e. height and width) anddetermines the scaling factor (i.e. β₁) required to fit the entire flyerimage within the screen of the communication device.

The flyer image tiler 210 then determines the resolution that isrequired to display the flyer image at sufficient detail. Thisresolution allows the flyer image tiler 210 to determine the requireddimension to show the flyer at the required level of detail, for exampleto read the fine prints. Using the required dimension, the flyer imagetiler 210 determines the scaling factor (i.e. β₂) required to scale theflyer image to show sufficient detail. Thereafter, the flyer image tiler210 determines the range R between β₁ and β₂, and R_(p). Using thenumbers from the above example, β₁=1 and β₂=12, the system determinesR=12 and R_(p)=2⁴=16. Therefore, the tile set 800 includes 4 steps or 5zoom levels (i.e. 4 transition steps between 1×, 2×, 4×, 8× and 16× zoomlevels).

Alternatively, or additionally, the flyer image tiler 210 may retrieveor receive a list of common resolutions of viewer's screens (e.g. 1920by 1080, 1280 by 800 and 1024 by 768) and determine the scaling factor(i.e. β₁) to fit the flyer image within each of the common resolution inthe list. Thereafter, for each common resolution in the list, the systemmay generate multiple copies of the flyer image at each zoom level, witheach copies of the flyer image being segmented into tiles. The flyerimage tiles for each common resolution makes up a tile set. For example,in FIG. 3, there are three sets of flyer image tiles for three differentscreen resolutions.

In the second implementation, the number of zoom steps is flexible, witheach zoom level not being necessarily twice the previous zoom level. Inother words, the zoom ratio is not necessarily 2. Using the aboveexample, using flexible zoom level, the system is able to provideexactly the required range of 12. After determining the required range,the system determines the appropriate zoom steps (“S”) to transitionfrom viewing the full flyer within the viewport to viewing the flyer atthe finest detail level. In this example, assume that the systemdetermines S to be 3. Thus, the zoom ratio may be calculated using thefollowing formula: Log_(x)(R)=S, where X is the zoom ratio. Using thenumbers from the current example, with Log_(x)(12)=3, the systemdetermines the zoom ratio to be 2.29. The resulting zoom levels for the3 zoom steps are then 1×, 2.29×, 5.24× and 12×, as shown in FIG. 9.Similarly to the first implementation, the system may generate aplurality of tile sets 910 of the flyer image 912 where the systemretrieves or receives a list of common resolutions.

Moreover, in both the first and second implementation, after determiningthe zoom ratio or zoom steps, there may be a review process to add oreliminate one or more zoom levels. The review process analyzes thegenerated copies of the tiled flyer image at the plurality of zoomlevels to ensure that the zoom steps between the zoom levels areappropriate for the viewer. Referring to the first implementation above,after the review process, it may be determined that zoom level 8× doesnot add much value to the range in the flyer image tile set, and thus,the flyer image tiles at zoom level 8× may be eliminated. Thus, only 3zoom steps or 4 zoom levels would exist—i.e. 1×, 2×, 4×, and 16×. Thesame can be applied to the second implementation, or any otherimplementation. In the second implementation, it may be determined thatbecause of the content in the flyer image, zoom level 2.29× is redundantor unnecessary. In such a case, the flyer image tiles in the zoom level2.29× may be eliminated, resulting in only 2 zoom steps or 3 zoomlevels: 1×, 5.24× and 12×. Conversely, it may be determined that thejump from 5.24× to 12× may be too steep after the review process. Insuch a case, an intermediate zoom level may be added. For example, ahalfway zoom level between 5.24× and 12× (i.e. 8.62×) may be added toimprove the viewer's browsing experience. Thus, after the analysis, thesystem may remove one of the copies of the tiled flyer image from theflyer image tile set that corresponds to one of the plurality of zoomlevels. Conversely, the system may add a new copy of the tiled flyerimage into the flyer image tile set corresponding to a new zoom levelthat is absent from the plurality of zoom levels.

Thus, the communication device (e.g. 106 in FIG. 1) communicates withthe interactive flyer system 200 to display an interactive digitalflyer. Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the communication device requestsfor an interactive digital flyer at an initial zoom level, with therequest comprising device information of the communication device (i.e.1000 in FIG. 10A). For example, the device information may includeviewport information such as viewport size and resolution. It will beunderstood that device information may include more than viewportinformation such as information related to the device such as localeinformation, IP address, and other device related information that maybe used by the interactive flyer system 200. The interactive flyersystem 200 receives the request for the digital flyer at the initialzoom level (i.e. 1010 in FIG. 10B) and retrieves from a flyer image tilestore (e.g. 220 in FIG. 2) a flyer image tile within a flyer image tileset (i.e. 1012 in FIG. 10B). As discussed in the disclosure, the flyerimage tile set includes multiple copies of the flyer image segmentedinto tiles with each copy representing the flyer image at a zoom level.Since the flyer image tile at the initial zoom level was requested, theflyer image tile set associated with the resolution of the viewport ofthe communication device is selected. Thereafter, the flyer image tile,within the flyer image tile set, representing the most zoomed-out viewconfigured to fit within the viewport of the communication device isretrieved. After retrieval, the flyer image tile retrieved is sent andreceived by the communication device (e.g. 1002 and 1014 in FIGS. 10Aand 10B, respectively). The received flyer image tile is then displayedin the viewport of the communication device (i.e. 1004 in FIG. 10A).

In addition to retrieving the flyer image tile, the system 200 mayretrieve flyer-related information associated with the flyer. Forexample, the flyer-related information may be contextual informationdefined through polygon mapping, as it will be discussed below.Moreover, flyer-related information may be point of interest, productspecific or feedback information. Details relating to flyer-relatedinformation will be further described below.

After the communication device displays the digital flyer at the initialzoom level, the viewer may perform a viewer action, such as zoom or pan.Based on the viewer action, the communication device may further requestfor a new flyer image tile to be displayed in the viewport of thecommunication (i.e. 1100 in FIG. 11A), with the request comprisingdevice information. In one implementation, the device information mayinclude viewport information such as the location coordinates and thezoom level of the viewport (i.e. information from the geometry layer).Upon receiving the request for the new flyer image tile (i.e. 1110 inFIG. 11B), the system 200 retrieves from the flyer image tile store 220flyer image tile that is associated with the viewer action anddisplayable within the viewport of the communication device (i.e. 1112in FIG. 11B). The received new flyer image tile is then displayed in theviewport of the communication device (i.e. 1104 in FIG. 11A).

Additionally, the system may retrieve a flyer image tile that is not yetdisplayable in the viewport of the communication device but to be cachedat the communication device for future retrieval. By pre-emptivelycaching flyer image tile(s) not yet displayable in the viewport but maysoon be requested, performance is improved at both the communicationdevice and the interactive flyer system. Given the structure of theinteractive flyer, caching may be based on the information includedtherein to increase the hit rate of the cache. For example, caching maybe based on the feedback information included in a feedback store, thedevice information included in the request, or flyer-related informationincluded in a flyer data store. After retrieval, the flyer image tile(s)is sent and received by the communication device to be displayed orcached at the communication (i.e. 1102 and 1114 in FIGS. 11A and 11B).

Context Information—Polygon Mapping

Within the interactive flyer system 200, a system for contextualizingthe interactive flyer is disclosed. The system may comprise of a polygonmapping module 230 and a flyer data store 240 as depicted in FIG. 2.While the present disclosure describes the polygon mapping module 230and flyer data store 240 as being a subsystem of the interactive flyersystem 200, it will be understood that it may be implemented as a singlesystem or as a separate and distinct system (e.g. external to theinteractive flyer system 200). It will also be understood that thesystem for contextualizing the interactive flyer may be distributedacross several systems. For example, the flyer data store 240 may bepart of the interactive flyer system 200 while the polygon mappingmodule 230 may be separately implemented.

Now also referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, a system for contextualizing aninteractive flyer is disclosed. The system includes a polygon mappingmodule 230 for contextualizing the interactive flyer. To incorporatecontextual information into the interactive flyer, the polygon mappingmodule 230 may use polygon mapping information that includes at leastone polygon for defining a polygonal area on the source flyer imagerepresenting one or more pages of the digital flyer. Thereafter, thepolygon(s) is tagged with the contextual information. In other words,the polygon mapping module 230 defines the polygonal area on a flyerpage using a polygon and tags the polygon with contextual information(i.e. 1300 and 1302 in FIG. 13). It will be understood that source flyerimage generally refers to the underlying image source for theinteractive digital flyer. In one embodiment, the source flyer image maybe a non-tiled image representing the digital flyer. In anotherembodiment, the source flyer image may include a flyer image tile set asdiscussed above and exemplified in FIG. 3.

In one embodiment, the polygon mapping module 230 may include aninterface that allows a publisher, vendor or viewer to define thepolygons and tag the polygons with the contextual information. Forexample, the publisher may prepare the interactive digital flyer usingthe information given from the vendor, including incorporatingcontextual information through the polygon mapping module 230. Inanother embodiment, after the publisher prepares the interactive digitalflyer, the vendor may then incorporate the contextual informationthrough a vendor-only portal. In a further embodiment, viewers may becrowdsourced to define the polygons using the polygon mapping module230. In an even further embodiment, the polygon mapping module 230 mayautomatically define and tag the polygons based on predeterminedinformation. This predetermined information may be provided by thevendor based on an agreed format of the digital flyer or may be based onfeedback information from a feedback data store (e.g. 250 in FIG. 2).

Additionally, the interface of the polygon mapping module 230 may allowthe publisher, vendor or viewer (e.g. crowdsourced) to define a point ofinterest on the digital flyer. A point of interest is an indication onthe digital flyer intended to draw the viewer's attention. For example,it may point out popular items, severely discounted products or aproduct promoted by the vendor. Alternatively, or additionally, thepoint of interest may also be defined by the polygon mapping module 230based on predetermined information as discussed above.

With polygon mapping information, the interactive flyer may becontextualized without individually tagging or labelling the items inthe interactive flyer. Rather, polygonal area may be used on the flyerpage to convey contextual information that conveys categorical orsectional information such as “Electronics” and “Computers” as shown inFIG. 12. This greatly reduces the time it takes to give meaning to thecontent included in a digital flyer. However, it will be understood, andwill be further described below, that the polygons may be used to definepolygonal areas at finer granular level, such as product or item level.This polygon mapping information may be stored in the flyer data store240.

In FIG. 12, there is shown a flyer page 1200 that has beencontextualized using the polygon mapping module 230. As shown, there are“top-level” polygons 1202, 1204, 1206 and 1208. The reference to“top-level” polygon refers to polygons that are not contained in anyother polygon. While the polygons in FIG. 12 are generally rectangularin shape (i.e. four sides), it will be understood that polygons may takeother forms having any number of sides, so long as the sides form aclosed circuit to define an area (i.e. a polygonal area). For ease ofillustration, polygon mapping in the present disclosure will bedescribed with polygons having four sides.

Each of the “top-level” polygons defines a polygonal area 1202 a, 1204a, 1206 a and 1208 a, which demarcates a section of the flyer page 1200as having a particular contextual relationship. In FIG. 12, each of the“top-level” polygons have been tagged as “Electronics”, “Sales”,“Garden” and “Computer”, which signifies that the items contained withinthose polygonal area all relate to “Electronics”, “Sales”, “Garden” or“Computers”. Furthermore, sub-relationships may be defined by usingoverlapping polygons, such as polygons 1210, 1212 and 1214. In thisparticular example, the sub-level polygons 1210, 1212 and 1214 have beentagged with the labels “TV”, “Laptops” and “Memory”. Thus, within thepolygonal area 1210 a, 1212 a and 1214 a, the items contained thereinwill be one of “TV”, “Laptops” or “Memory”.

In addition to the polygons, the polygon mapping module 230 may definepoints of interests, such as points of interests 1220 and 1222. Thesepoints may be anything that may be of interest to the viewer such asspecial discounts, popular items, new items, items like-minded viewersfound interesting, and other interesting information.

Once the polygons are defined using the polygon mapping module 230, thesystem is able to provide feature-rich information includinghierarchical information, enhanced navigation aids, improved caching,comprehensive feedback and other information previously not available ina digital flyer. In one embodiment, the interactive flyer system maygenerate navigational information using the polygons. The navigationalinformation may be in the form of a table of content, or a navigationalstrip, or both. In other embodiments, the polygons may be used togenerate feedback information, to better predict caching, and tointerlink between related flyers. Some of the embodiments will bedescribed below.

Thus, the communication device communicates with the interactive flyersystem 200 to display a digital flyer with contextual information.Referring to FIG. 14, the communication device receives a source flyerimage and polygon mapping information associated with a digital flyerfrom a server (i.e. 1400 in FIG. 14). As previously mentioned, thesource flyer image may be a non-tiled flyer image or a flyer image tileset as shown in FIG. 3. The polygon mapping information refers topolygons used to define a polygonal area on the source flyer image, witheach polygon being tagged with contextual information. This polygonmapping information is overlaid on the source flyer image (i.e. 1402 inFIG. 14). For example, the polygon mapping information may be includedin a data layer (e.g. 304 in FIG. 3) of the digital flyer. Generally,the polygon mapping information is not shown on the flyer page butrather used to enrich the viewer's experience by generating, forexample, navigational information or related information. However, itwill be understood that the polygon mapping information may be shown tothe user overlaid on top of the flyer page. In such a case, the flyerpage may appear similar to flyer page 1200 as shown in FIG. 12.

In addition to receiving the polygon mapping information, thecommunication device may further receive point of interest informationassociated with the digital flyer from the server. Similarly to thepolygon mapping information, point of interest information may beoverlaid over the source flyer image and shown or not shown in theviewport of the communication device.

With the polygon mapping information and point of interest information,the communication device is able to display the digital flyer withfeature-rich information. Such feature-rich information may includenavigational information and related information as it will be describedbelow. Moreover, the polygon mapping information and the point ofinterest information may be used in conjunction with feedbackinformation to improve the efficiency and data accuracy by theinteractive flyer system.

Navigational Information—Table of Contents

One embodiment of navigational information that may be generated usingthe polygons is a table of content 1500 as shown in FIG. 15. Instead ofmanually creating a table of content by linking an entry in the table ofcontent with a particular flyer page, the interactive flyer systemaccording to an embodiment of the present technology is able toauto-generate the table of content using the polygon mappinginformation. This is achieved by analyzing the spatial position andinclusion relationship of the polygons to understand the hierarchicalrelationship of the polygonal areas defined by the polygons.

In FIG. 16, there is shown one exemplary method for auto-generating thetable of content. To generate the table of content 1500, the interactiveflyer system looks through the inclusion relationship of the polygons.It first finds all the top-level polygons not contained within any otherpolygons (i.e. 1600 in FIG. 16). In FIG. 12, the top-level polygonswould include polygons tagged as “Electronics”, “Sales”, “Computers”,and “Garden”. Thereafter, the system finds all the next-level polygonscontained in the top-level polygons found at 1600 but otherwise notcontained within any other polygon (i.e. 1602 in FIG. 16). Referringagain to FIG. 12, these next-level polygons would include polygonstagged as “TV”, “Laptops”, and “Memory”. The system then sets thenext-level polygons as the new top-level polygons (i.e. 1604 in FIG. 16)and repeats locating all the next-level polygons until all the polygonsare found (i.e. 1606 in FIG. 16).

With the generated table of content, the flyer viewer would be able toquickly jump to the flyer page containing the polygon. Variousimplementations are possible for showing the appropriate section of theflyer page. In one embodiment, the selected entry of the table ofcontent may be shown by zooming into the associated polygonal area. Forexample, when the viewer clicks on “TV” in the table of contents 1500,the system may serve the flyer page zoomed into the “TV” polygon. Inanother embodiment, the selected entry of the table of content may beshown with the associated polygonal area highlighted. Continuing withthe above example, instead of zooming into the “TV” polygon, the wholeflyer page may be shown with the “TV” polygonal area highlighted.

Navigational Information—Navigation Strip

Another embodiment of the navigational information may be in the form ofa navigation strip, several types of which are shown in FIG. 17. Thenavigation strip is an aid that helps the viewer navigate through theentire flyer. However, unlike a geographic mapping application, amini-map type of navigation aid that consists of small zoomed-outversions of the flyer page is not beneficial to a viewer of digitalflyers. The reason is that a flyer page typically contains numerousitems with pictures and text that are hard to read when scaled down. Anavigation strip (or may also be referred to as a “legend”) thatconsists of scaled down versions of the full flyer page would thus failto convey any meaningful information to the viewer. Rather, in thepresent technology, the interactive flyer system uses the polygonmapping information to generate a navigation strip that containscontextual information in compact form. Three possible implementationsof the navigation strip will now be described.

In FIG. 17, there is shown a flyer page 1700 simplified to show only thetop-level polygons tagged with the labels “Electronics”, “Sales”,“Computers”, and “Garden”. In the polygons labelled “Electronics”,“Computers” and “Garden”, there is further included a point of interest1702, 1704, 1706. The point of interest may convey information about aparticular item such as discounts at 50% off or $50 off. It may alsoserve to highlight information that may be of particular interest to theviewer. To better illustrate the functioning of the navigation strip1710, 1720 and 1730, the current viewport 1708 of the communicationdevice being used to browse the flyer is also shown in FIG. 17.

The first implementation of the navigation strip is a directlyproportional navigation strip 1710 in FIG. 17, which comprises ofto-scale rendering of the flyer sections. However, instead of the stripincluding scaled down versions of the flyer page, each section may bereplaced with a solid colour (in FIG. 17, the solid colour is white forclarity; however, other colours may be used) and may include the titleof each section (e.g. the contextual information used to tag thepolygon). Where the flyer page includes points of interest, thenavigation strip may also show the approximate locations in thenavigation strip. In effect, the navigation strip 1710 conveyscontextual information in the most true to position and to-scale formatwithout simply using scaled-down images of the flyer page 1700.

One method to create the directly proportional navigation strip 1710 isillustrated in FIG. 18. To create the strip, the polygons are firstscaled down by applying a scaling factor (i.e. 1800 in FIG. 18). Whilethe same scaling factor may be applied to x and y axis of the polygons,it is to be understood that different scaling factors may be used. Thishas the advantage of optimizing the screen space occupied by thenavigation strip 1710. In one embodiment, the scaling factor for thex-axis may depend on the width of the polygon and the length of theassociated label, and the scaling factor for the y-axis may depend onthe height of the polygon. Optionally, prior to applying the scalingfactor, the polygons may be aligned along a grid to produce a moreorganized appearance. The scaled down polygons are then labelled withthe contextual information corresponding to the contextual informationof the polygon (i.e. 1802 in FIG. 18). For example, where the polygon istagged with the label “Electronics”, the system extracts this contextualinformation and labels the scaled polygon accordingly. Thereafter, thescaled down polygons are displayed in the navigation interface (i.e.1804 in FIG. 18). In one implementation, the navigation interface may belocated below the flyer page 1700, which may be hidden when not in use.In another implementation, the navigation interface may be located tothe side of the flyer page 1700, for example to display the table ofcontent.

Additionally, where the flyer page includes points of interest, they maybe plotted using the scaling factor as reference. In a furtherembodiment, the current viewport information may be displayed on thenavigation strip 1710 using the same scaling factor. Additionally, asthe viewer changes the viewport, the navigation strip 1710 may changeposition (e.g. scroll) to maintain perspective and context of the flyerpage.

A second implementation of the navigation strip is a text-onlyproportional navigation strip 1720 in FIG. 17. This navigation strip isa variation of the directly proportional navigation strip 1710 but onethat requires less vertical space. In summary, the text-onlyproportional navigation strip 1720 is a vertically compressed version ofthe directly proportional navigation strip 1710 that compresses they-axis while maintaining the proportion along the x-axis.

One method of creating the text-only proportional navigation strip 1720is an extension of the method for creating the directly proportionalnavigation strip 1710 as discussed above and depicted in FIG. 18.Referring to FIGS. 19A and 19B, a scaling factor is applied to thepolygon (i.e. 1900 and 1912 in FIGS. 19A and 19B, respectively).However, unlike FIG. 18, the scaling factor for the x and y-axis neednot be different to optimize the screen space occupied by the navigationstrip. This is because the vertical space will be compressedsubsequently and only the proportion along the x-axis will bemaintained. Optionally, as discussed above, prior to applying thescaling factor, the polygons may be aligned along a grid to produce amore organized appearance.

The scaled polygons are then labelled with the contextual informationcorresponding to the polygon, with the labels being positioned at areference point of the polygons (i.e. 1902 and 1914 in FIGS. 19A and19B, respectively). The reference point may be anywhere within thepolygonal area defined by the polygon. Where the system language isEnglish, the reference point may be the top left corner as shown in 1914of FIG. 19B. Thereafter, a bounding box is created around the label(i.e. 1904 and 1916 in FIGS. 19A and 19B, respectively) and the scaledpolygons are removed (i.e. 1906 in FIG. 19A). In text-only proportionalnavigation strip, the polygons are used to maintain proportion of thecontextual information along the x-axis. The y-axis is compressed toreduce the vertical space occupied by the navigation strip. Finally,each label (and the bounding box) for each polygon is displaced in areference direction, stopping if the bounding box of the labeling textencounters a bounding box of another labeling text or an edge of thenavigation strip 1720 (i.e. 1908 and 1918 in FIGS. 19A and 19B,respectively). Again, the reference direction may in any direction;however, where the system language is English, the reference directionmay be up as shown in FIG. 19B. By this displacement, the vertical spaceis compressed while still maintaining horizontal relationships among theflyer sections.

To complete the navigation strip, the interactive flyer system may addthe points of interest. However, because of the lack of vertical space,the interactive flyer system may instead use a vertical line to indicatethe approximate location of the points of interest. In anotherembodiment, parentheses may be inserted after the labeling text. Forexample, if the points of interest referred to a discount, theparenthesis may display “2 discounts”, signifying that there are 2discounts in the particular section. Finally, similarly to the directlyproportional navigation strip 1710, the interactive flyer system mayinsert the current viewport information appropriately scaled.

The third implementation is the vertically most compact navigationstrip, hereinafter referred to as area proportional navigation strip1730 in FIG. 17. It involves transforming the 2D polygonal areas definedby the polygons into a 1D navigation strip. FIG. 20 illustrates oneimplementation of performing such transformation.

In the exemplary implementation, the system determines the scalingfactor that relates the polygonal area defined by the polygon to thedistance on the navigation strip (i.e. 2000 in FIG. 20). In thisparticular example, the area proportional navigation strip 1730 ishorizontal in direction; however, it is to be understood that the 1Dnavigation strip may be vertical in direction, or any other direction,in other implementations. Thus, the scaling factor translates thepolygonal area occupied by the polygons into horizontal distance on thenavigation strip 1730.

Thereafter, the polygons are ordered (i.e. 2002 in FIG. 20). There arevarious ways to order the polygons; however, where the system languageis English, the following method may be used to order the polygons.Prior to ordering, the polygons may first be aligned along a grid toproduce a more organized appearance. The interactive flyer system thencreates a list of coordinates of each polygon, with the coordinaterepresenting the top left most vertex of the polygon. The list is thenordered using the x-axis coordinate. Where there are two polygons withthe same x-coordinate, the coordinates are ordered from top to bottom.For example, in the flyer page 1700 of FIG. 17, the polygons havinglabels “Electronics” and “Computers” have the same x-coordinate. In sucha case, preference is given to “Electronics”. When the polygons in FIG.17 are ordered, the ordered list would appear as follows: electronics,computers, sales and garden.

To create the navigation strip 1730 (i.e. 2004 in FIG. 20), theinteractive flyer system starts with the first polygon in the orderedlist. To determine the amount of horizontal distance that should beallocated to the first polygon, the scaling factor is applied to thepolygonal area of the first polygon. This process is repeated until allthe polygons in the ordered list are converted. Finally, the viewportinformation may also be included in the navigation strip 1730 using thescaling factor.

While the navigation strip was described with three specificimplementations, it will be understood that various otherimplementations may be possible.

Interlinking Related-Flyers and Integrating Related-Data

Contextual information conveyed through polygon mapping enabled theviewer to overview the entire flyer at a glance and to navigate todifferent sections of the flyer using the contextual information. Forexample, the table of contents generated by analyzing the hierarchicalstructure of the polygons allowed the interactive flyer system toquickly generate a flyer summary (e.g. table of contents). Further, thepolygon mapping enabled the generation of navigational aids (e.g.contextual navigation strip) that conveyed meaningful and usefulcontextual information. In addition to these advantages, the polygonmapping may also allow the system to relate the contextual informationof the flyer to information not contained in the flyer. For example, therelated information may be from a flyer at a competing store, allowingthe viewer to comparison shop. In a further example, the relatedinformation may be information that would be desirable to informedshoppers. Such information may include price history, product reviews,price comparison data not contained in other flyers, cross borderprices, targeted advertising and offers, and many more.

The first type of related information derives from other flyers. Byusing the information from the polygon mapping, related informationcontained in other flyers can be easily associated. This allows flyerviewers to comparison shop between flyers very easily. Oneimplementation for providing such related information will be discussedusing FIGS. 21 and 22.

At 2100, the interactive flyer system retrieves all related digitalflyers. Relevance may be based on a single factor or a combination ofseveral factors. For example, the interactive flyer system may retrieveall the flyers within the same geographical area, or flyers from storeswith online shopping. This “initial set” of flyers is then ordered basedon relevancy, which may also be based on one or many factors (i.e. 2102in FIG. 21). For example, the system may take into consideration thefollowing: physical distance between the stores of the related flyersand the store of the current flyer or the viewer's location; brandawareness of the related flyers; previous preference or history of theviewer; behaviour history of other viewers; business relationshipsbetween the publisher of the flyer and the vendor; contextualsimilarities between the related flyers and the current flyer; storerelationships (e.g. known competitors or affiliates); or any otherfactors.

Once the retrieved flyers are ordered according to relevancy, theinteractive flyer system displays the retrieved flyers in the relatedinformation interface to provide access to the relevant digital flyersin the order of relevancy (i.e. 2104 in FIG. 21). The interface may be asimple link to allow the viewer to switch to the most relevant flyer. Amore advanced implementation is depicted in FIG. 22, which is anextension of the area proportional navigation strip (i.e. 1730 in FIG.17) as described above. It will be understood that the interface mayalso be implemented using extensions of the directly and text-onlyproportional navigation strip (i.e. 1710 and 1720 in FIG. 17). In theparticular implementation shown in FIG. 22, in addition to generatingthe navigation strip for the current flyer, the interactive flyer systemalso generates the navigation strip for the next most relevant flyer.This allows the viewer to jump from one flyer to another seamlessly. Inthis particular implementation, intra-flyer navigation (i.e. within theflyer) is achieved by moving horizontally (i.e. x-axis) and inter-flyernavigation (i.e. between flyers) is achieved by moving vertically (i.e.y-axis). The generated navigation strip is kept in memory so thatinter-flyer navigation is possible not only to the next flyer but alsoto previously viewed flyers. Additionally, the relative position of thenavigation strip of the next flyer may be changed depending on theposition of the viewport. For example, if the center of the currentviewport is within the polygon tagged as “Electronics”, the position ofthe next flyer in the navigation strip may be changed such that its“Electronics” section is aligned with the current flyer, as shown inFIG. 22. The same may be applied to the related flyer previously shown.This dynamic positioning of the navigation strip of the next flyer andthe previous flyer allows the viewer to immediately jump into the mostrelevant section.

The second type of related data stems from other data sources, outsideof those contained in other flyers. Other sources may include publicinformation (such as those available from the Internet), privateinformation (such as those provided by partners) and sources other thanflyers. This involves determining the interest of the viewer byanalyzing different clues. For example, the interactive flyer system mayinfer the viewer's interest by determining how the current viewportintersects with the polygons, the position of the mouse cursor, zoomlevel or any other clues. Depending on the clues, the interactive flyersystem may retrieve related data such as price comparison data,historical market pricing, cross-border comparisons, product detailssuch as reviews, specifications and descriptions, and targetedadvertisements and offers. The advantage is that such integration withother data sources is enabled without explicitly tagging individualitems that appear on a flyer. Rather, the publisher only needs to conveycontextual information using the polygons.

Moreover, depending on the extent of other data available, theinteractive flyer system may provide the viewer with the functionalityto filter the interactive flyer based on data available not only withinthe flyer but also based on the other data. For example, consider thescenario where a shopper is searching for good deals on flat screen TVs.The shopper opens the digital interactive flyer and places a filter tosearch for “TV” with discounts greater than 25% off. The interactiveflyer system proceeds to highlight the sections of the interactive flyeraccording to the filter. According to a further embodiment of thepresent technology, the interactive flyer system may provide the viewerwith the option to set filters that also takes into account data fromother flyers and other non-flyer sources. For example, the interactiveflyer system may retrieve other TV discounts from other sources (e.g.cross-border) that may be offer greater discount than those contained inthe present flyer. Alternatively, or additionally, the interactive flyersystem may retrieve price history of the products contained in the TVsection by consulting its or other database. In effect, the interactiveflyer system allows the viewer to set search filters on digitalimage-based flyers that are normally only reserved for text based searchengines.

While the different types of navigational information and relatedinformation have been described separately, it will be understood thatthe interactive digital flyer system may incorporate one or more of suchinformation within the same system. For example, interactive digitalflyer may incorporate a table of content in a navigation interface and anavigational strip in another navigation interface. In anotherimplementation, the interactive digital flyer may incorporate a table ofcontent in a navigation interface and a modified text-only proportionalnavigational strip in a related information interface. It will beunderstood that numerous combinations of the navigational informationand related information may be generated using the contextualinformation conferred by the polygon mapping information and otherflyer-related information as discussed above.

Feedback System

Feedback systems may be generally categorized into explicit and implicitfeedback systems. Explicit feedback refers to resulting actions of theviewer, while implicit feedback refers to the viewer behaviour leadingto the resulting actions. For example, the viewer is presented withitems 1-10. In coming to the decision of clicking on items 1 and 5, theviewer looks through items 1-5. An explicit feedback system would reportback that the viewer clicked on items 1 and 5, while the implicitfeedback system would report back that the viewer viewed items 1-5.Thus, an explicit feedback system is result oriented while an implicitfeedback system is behaviour oriented. According to an embodiment of thepresent technology, implicit feedback is made possible for image baseddigital flyers. Using the feedback information, a host of features aremade possible including predictive caching, dynamic generation of pointsof interests, and viewer interest maps.

One embodiment of a feedback system may be implemented by using thepolygon mapping information stored in the feedback data store 250 asdiscussed above. Polygon mapping information includes one or morepolygons that are used to define polygonal area(s), with each polygonbeing tagged with contextual information. The information conveyed bythe tagged contextual information is dependent on the granularity of thepolygon mapping information. In addition to the polygon mappinginformation stored in the feedback data store 250, the feedback datastore 250 may also receive device information from the communicationdevice, such as those shown in FIG. 1, periodically. The deviceinformation conveys information about the communication device and theviewer. For example, the device information may include information suchas viewport information including viewport coordinates, date, time,session information, viewer information (such as IP address and localeinformation), information about the communication device (such asoperating system and Internet browser information), or any otherinformation. Using the device information, such as viewport coordinates(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) in FIG. 23A of viewport (e.g. 2300A in FIG. 23A),and the polygon mapping information, the system is able to generatedetailed feedback report.

Referring to FIGS. 23A and 23B, an exemplary implementation for usingfeedback information stored in the feedback data store 250 and polygonmapping information stored in the flyer data store 240 to generate afeedback report will be discussed. It will be understood that a digitalflyer may include one or more sets of polygon mapping information. Oneset may be used to generate navigational and related information asdiscussed above. Another set may be used to generate a feedback report.This has the advantage of conveying one set of information for the flyerviewer, while collecting and comparing another set of information forthe vendor.

FIG. 23A shows the viewport information of viewport 2300 for a viewer ata particular point in time. This snapshot of the viewport is generatedby referencing the device information (contained in the deviceinformation stored in the feedback data store 250) of the viewer at theparticular point in time with the polygon mapping information stored inthe flyer data store 240. The device information may be sent by thecommunication device, such as on a periodic basis, to the interactiveflyer system 200 and stored in the feedback data store 250. Thus, for agiven viewer, during a given session, there may be one or more suchdevice information entries in the feedback data store 250, which can beused to construct the snapshot of the viewer's viewport at a particularpoint in time when the device information was sent. Using thisinformation and other information contained in the device information,various feedback report may be generated using the device informationfrom a single viewer, all the viewers or a selected group of viewers.For example, the device information may contain user-persona informationderived from the HTTP header, which can identify information such asscreen resolution, operating system, and browser type and version. Usingthis information, viewers may be grouped as “high-tech” viewers (e.g.viewers with large screen resolution, latest operating system andbrowser versions) or “office” viewers (e.g. viewers with standardbusiness versions such as typical screen sizes and browsers asdetermined by the system, and viewing the digital flyer at businesshours).

In one embodiment, the concept of pageview is used to generate afeedback report. Pageview refers to the number of views that a polygonreceived. As described previously, the polygon demarcates a polygonalarea that conveys contextual information about products and itemscontained within the polygonal area. Furthermore, the user may, for thepurpose of generating feedback information, provide a separate set ofpolygon mapping information that contains more detailed information togenerate a more detailed and insightful feedback report. Thus, dependingon the granularity of the polygon mapping information, pageviewrepresents viewer's interests in the content contained in the polygonalarea of a polygon. In one extreme, where the viewport does not includeany polygon, none of the pageview of the polygons will be varied. In theother extreme, where the viewport displays a single polygon, only thepageview of that polygon will be varied. In one implementation, thepageview will be incremented by 1. In between the two extremes, theviewport may intersect one or more polygons and the pageview of eachpolygons may be varied depending on various factors including relativeviewport position, weighing factors and typical screen sizes of viewers.

Referring to FIG. 23A, an example viewport 2300A intersecting threepolygons 2302, 2304 and 2306 is shown. Using the device information,such as the viewport information containing viewport coordinates (x1,y1), and (x2, y2), the feedback data analyzer 260 determines the area ofeach polygons 2302, 2304 and 2306 proportional to the viewport 2300A. Inthis example, the feedback data analyzer 260 may determine that polygons2302, 2304 and 2306 occupy 0.2, 0.5 and 0.3 of the available area in theviewport 2300A. In one implementation, the pageview of each polygon maybe incremented by the proportion of the viewport area occupied (i.e.0.2, 0.5 and 0.3). In another implementation, the proportional area(i.e. proportion of the viewport area occupied by the polygon)determined may be varied by a multiple.

In a more advanced implementation, the feedback data analyzer 260 mayconsider other factors. For example, because of the varying screen sizesof viewers, the feedback data analyzer 260 may normalize the feedbackinformation using a typical viewport 2310. In this context,normalization refers to the process of averaging out the feedbackinformation to remove the skewing effects of extreme data sets. Becauseviewport 2300A may be changed by the viewer, the pageview for thepolygon may be skewed. Referring to FIG. 23B, the viewer may havedecreased the viewport 2300B to occupy only a small portion of theavailable screen real estate. In this configuration, the viewport 2300Bwill generate multiple pageviews for polygon 2304. Thus, oneimplementation would be to vary the proportional area by a weightingfactor, such as a ratio between the viewport size and the typicalviewport 2310. So, if viewport 2300B was determined to have an area of1, while the area of the typical viewport 2310 is 100, the pageviewgenerated by the viewport 2300B would have a weighing factor of only0.01. Thus, the pageviews generated by the viewport 2300B would be mademarginal. The same normalization process may be applied to largescreens.

In another implementation, the weighting factor may be dependent on thedifferential area between the viewport and the typical viewport 2310.For example, in FIG. 23A, the area within the typical viewport 2310, maybe weighed at 100% while the area between the typical viewport 2310 andthe viewport 2300A may be weighed at 50%, or another reduced percentage.For smaller viewport 2300B, as shown in FIG. 2300B, the area between theviewport 2300B and the typical viewport 2310 may be weighed at anegative value (e.g. −50%) to account for the multiple pageviewsgenerated by such small viewport 2300B.

Thus, the system generates a feedback report by retrieving deviceinformation from a feedback data store 250 (i.e. 2400 in FIG. 24). Thedevice information may include viewport information associated with aviewport of a communication device and may include a variety informationsuch as, but not limited to, viewport coordinates, date, time, sessioninformation, viewer information (such as IP address or geographic localeinformation), information about the communication device (such asoperating system used by the communication device, or Internet browserused by the communication device), or any other information. The systemalso retrieves polygon mapping information from a flyer data store 240(i.e. 2402 in FIG. 24). As previously described above, the polygonmapping information includes one or more polygons that each define apolygonal area with each polygon being tagged with contextualinformation. Using the device information and the polygon mappinginformation, the system determines, for each polygon in the polygonmapping information, a proportion of the viewport area that it occupies(i.e. 2404 in FIG. 24). With the determined proportional area occupiedby the polygon, the pageview associated with each polygon is varied(i.e. 2406 in FIG. 24). In one implementation, the pageview is varied bya multiple of the proportional area. In another implementation, thepageview is varied by the proportional area and corrected by a weightingfactor. An exemplary weighting factor may be a ratio between theviewport area and a typical viewport 2310. Another exemplary weightingfactor may depend on the differential area between the viewport and thetypical viewport 2310. Using the pageview information, the system thengenerates a feedback report (i.e. 2408 in FIG. 24).

While the feedback report generated may be a simple output of thepageview associated with each of the polygon, a more advancedimplementation may be possible by using the device information and thepolygon information stored in the feedback data store 250 and the flyerdata store 240. One implementation is shown in FIG. 25, whichillustrates a feedback report 2500 in the form of a frequency map. Itwill be understood that a frequency map may also be referred to as aheat map or impression report. In this implementation, the polygonmapping information used to convey contextual information and used togenerate navigational information and related information as discussedabove is overlaid with the feedback information in the form ofcolouration to produce the feedback report 2500. As indicated in thelegend, the intensity of colouration depicts a higher viewing activityby the viewers. While the colouration in FIG. 25 depicts the number ofpageviews determined by the feedback data analyzer 260, the colourationmay also depict other information. For example, the colouration maydepict the average time spent by viewers in the given polygon.

In another implementation of the feedback report, a different set ofpolygon mapping information may be used to generate the feedback report.For example, the publisher may have defined a second set of polygonmapping information that contains more granular information. As shown inFIG. 26, the “Electronics” and the “TV” sections are further broken downto the product level using a second set of polygon mapping information.For simplicity, only the “Electronics” and the TV sections are shownwith more granular information. Thus, using the device information andthe polygon mapping information (i.e. the second set and the initialset), the vendor is able to obtain a feedback report 2600 that is moredetailed than the feedback report 2500 in FIG. 25.

In a further implementation, date, time, elapsed time and sessioninformation contained in the device information may be used to create afeedback report that reflects the viewer's viewing activity over acourse of a session. This may include information aggregating aplurality of viewers, who may be grouped according to the deviceinformation. For example, viewers in a particular geographic locale maybe grouped. In another implementation, the device information mayinclude information related to the communication device (e.g. browser oroperating system information extracted from HTTP header) to group usersinto different categories as discussed above. By relating viewer'sviewing activity (i.e. pageview of the polygon) to device informationsuch as date, time, and elapsed time, a series of feedback reportrepresenting viewer's activity at different points in time may begenerated. The series of generated feedback report may be used as framesin a time-elapsed frequency map.

Now referring to FIG. 27, another embodiment for implementing a feedbacksystem is shown. In this particular embodiment, feedback information isgenerated by taking advantage of the flyer image tile set as describedabove. While this embodiment will be described separately from thefeedback system using polygon mapping information as discussed referringto FIGS. 23-26, it will be understood that the two embodiments may beimplemented as a single system by leveraging a combination ofinformation conveyed through polygon mapping information, flyer imagetile sets served, and device information.

In FIG. 27, the interactive flyer system 200 provides an initialviewscore to each tile (i.e. 2700 in FIG. 27). For example, each tilemay be assigned an initial viewscore of 0. Subsequently, each time theviewer zooms into the flyer page or pans across the flyer page and a newtile image is required, the system 200 not only retrieves the tile butalso varies the viewscore (i.e. 2702 in FIG. 27). In one implementation,the magnitude of variation may depend on the relative position of thetile in the viewport. For example, an image tile at the centre of theviewport may be assigned a higher magnitude of variation than an imagetile at the edge of the viewport. In another implementation, themagnitude of variation may depend on the zoom level of the tile. Forexample, image tiles at deeper zoom level may be assigned a highermagnitude of variation since serving such tiles signifies greaterinterest from the viewer. In a further implementation, the magnitude ofvariation may depend on viewer events such as zoom-in, click, and timespent. For clarity, it will be noted that variation refers to bothincrease and decrease of the viewscore. Optionally, the system 200 mayalso note the date and time when the viewscore was varied. The viewscoreis then stored in the feedback data store 250 (i.e. 2704 in FIG. 27).Storing of the viewscore may be initiated periodically at pre-definedintervals.

The feedback data store 250 contains the viewscore associated with theflyer image tiles, which provides information related to the behaviourof the viewer. Such implicit feedback information may be valuableinformation to both the vendor and the publisher, which was not possiblewith previous digital flyer system. In a simple implementation, thecollected information may be exported in a text format or displayed in atextual representation such as a table. In another implementation, theviewscore may be used to produce a frequency map that gives a visualrepresentation of the interest level of the viewer. FIG. 28 shows anexample of such frequency map, which may also be referred to as colouredfrequency map, heat map, or impression report. The feedback report 2800of FIG. 28 shows viewer interests depicted by different colour schemes.In the report 2800, area 2802 and 2804 received 50-100 hits from theviewers, while area 2806 received 100-500 hits from the viewers. Thearea of the flyer page that received the most attention is area 2808,which received 500+ hits. This type of report illustrates the behaviourof the viewers and is made possible by plotting the viewscore of eachtile.

Different implementations of the map are possible. For example, thefeedback data store 250 may also keep the date and time at which theviewscores were incremented or decremented. By storing the date and timeat which the viewscores changed, a timeline-based feedback report may beprovided. In a further embodiment, the feedback data store 250 may keepthe IP address of the viewer to distinguish between unique/repeatviewers, and locales of the viewers. By varying the type of datacollected along with the viewscore, various data may be made availableon the feedback report.

In a further embodiment, the system 200 may leverage the polygon mappinginformation stored in the flyer data store 240 to provide a feedbackreport such as the one shown in FIG. 25 or 26. In generating thefeedback report 2500 or 2600, the system 200 may summate the viewscoreof the tiles in each polygonal area and provide a feedback report 2500or 2600 that describes the relative interest level of each section.

Additionally, the information stored in the feedback data store 250 maybe used to improve the quality of the data. In one implementation,information in the feedback data store 250 may be used to validate thepoints of interests (such as 1702, 1704 and 1706 in FIG. 17) stored inthe flyer data store 240. After the initial creation of the points ofinterests, the system 200 may analyze the behaviour of the viewer usingthe information stored in the feedback data store 250. With thisanalysis, the system 200 may remove or keep the existing points ofinterests. Moreover, if the flyer is generating a lot of interests in anarea that was not initially tagged as a point of interest, the system200 may dynamically tag the area as a point of interest. In effect, theinteractive flyer system 200 is able to react to the behaviour of theviewers in real time. Consequently, the quality of the data managed bythe system is vastly improved.

In a further embodiment, the information stored in the feedback datastore 250 may be provided to the polygon mapping module 230. In oneembodiment, the feedback information may be provided to the user usingthe interface for defining the polygon mapping information. This may bein the form of an indication that informs the user, at the time of thepolygon mapping, including defining points of interests, which sectionsor products have previously attracted much attention from viewers.Through such information, vendors would be able to accurately predictviewer's interests and highlight information knowing that it wouldattract much attention from the viewers. In another embodiment, thepolygon mapping module 230 may use the feedback information to definethe polygon mapping information, including points of interests, based onpredetermined information, such as vendor-published agreed format, aspreviously discussed.

In addition to improving the quality of the flyer data, the feedbackinformation may be used to improve the efficiency of the interactiveflyer system 200. In a traditional non-tiled image-based flyer system, ahigh quality version of the flyer was downloaded either in full orpage-by-page. In more advanced systems, a lower quality of the image mayhave been initially downloaded to provide a preview before downloadingthe full version. However, because such systems could not take implicitfeedback information into consideration, the full image was downloadedeven when the viewers never in fact looked at the entire image.Moreover, caching prediction did not change with viewer's behaviour.According to an embodiment of the present technology, predictive cachingis based on implicit feedback information. Additionally, oralternatively, predictive caching is based on the contextual informationconferred through polygon mapping information.

Generally, retrieving graphical information over a network can be aperformance bottleneck. By storing the information locally, performanceof the system can be dramatically improved. However, caching may also bewasteful if the cached information is never utilized. In the presenttechnology, caching prediction is made highly accurate by incorporatingthe information from viewer's behaviour.

In one embodiment, caching prediction may be based on the viewscoresassigned to the image tiles. Since high viewscores signify high level ofviewing activity, the interactive flyer system 200 may preemptivelyretrieve those image tiles. This is under the assumption that by cachingthose image tiles, a high cache hit rate would be realized. Moreover,since viewscores are updated with viewer's behaviour, the predictivecaching would also dynamically vary with the viewer's behaviour. Thus,the interactive flyer system can stay nimble and efficient by constantlychanging to the viewer's interests.

In another embodiment, the interactive flyer system 200 may retrieveflyer image tiles (for caching) under the assumption that the viewer islikely to browse to the surrounding area of the flyer. For example,referring to FIG. 29, a tiled flyer image 2900 with viewport 2902 isshown. With the current position of the viewport 2902, the interactiveflyer system 200 would retrieve the tiled flyer images as shown in theshaded portion 2904. However, after retrieval of the shaded portion2904, the interactive flyer system 200 may further retrieve tiled flyerimages in the surrounding portion 2906 under the assumption that theviewer is likely to pan to the surrounding area. Additionally, oralternatively, the interactive flyer system 200 may retrieve the tiledflyer images at one or more extra deeper levels of zoom contained withinthe viewport 2902.

In a further embodiment, the interactive flyer system 200 mayincorporate the contextual information provided by the polygon mappinginformation. For example, referring to FIG. 30, flyer page 3000 withpolygons 3002, 3004, 3006 and 3008 is shown. By considering the viewer'scurrent viewport 3010, the interactive flyer system 200 may retrieve allthe tiled flyer images within the polygon 3006. Under this predictivecaching scheme, the interactive flyer system 200 may assume that theviewer will continue to view items that belong to the same context (i.e.within the polygon 3006). For example, if the viewer's viewport iscurrently within the “Electronics” section, it is likely that the viewerwill continue to peruse through the “Electronics” section or, perhaps,continue to a related section. It may also be likely that when theviewport 3010 approaches closer to the edges of polygon 3006, the flyerimage processor may further retrieve tiled flyer data images of nearbypolygons. For example, if the viewport 3010 is closer to the top edge ofpolygon 3006, the interactive flyer system 200 may retrieve tiled flyerimages in the polygon 3002. Thus, through the use of contextualinformation enabled by the polygon mapping information according to anembodiment of the present technology, caching is improved.

In an interactive flyer system 200 that incorporates both polygonmapping information and tiled flyer images, the system may consider bothcontextual and implicit feedback information to determine the order inwhich the tile images are cached. In one exemplary implementation,predictive caching may be associated with the relative position of theviewport (i.e. image tiles and zoom level), the polygon mapping and theaggregate popularity derived from the implicit feedback. In thisimplementation, tiles that are closer to the centre of the viewport andat the current zoom level may be assigned a higher caching score. Fromthereon, tiles at the same zoom level but further from the centre of theviewport may be assigned a lower caching score. The system may alsoassign caching scores to tiles that are located deeper in the zoomlevels, with the scores being varied depending on their proximity to thecentre of the viewport. In addition to the relative position, the systemmay also consider the polygon mapping and the implicit feedbackinformation to arrive at a holistic predictive scheme that is not onlydependent on the current viewer but also the aggregate popularity of theflyer based on other viewers.

While the patent disclosure is described in conjunction with thespecific embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended tolimit the patent disclosure to the described embodiments. On thecontrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, andequivalents as may be included within the scope of the patent disclosureas defined by the appended claims. In the description below, numerousspecific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the present patent disclosure. The present patentdisclosure may be practiced without some or all of these specificdetails. In other instances, well-known process operations have not beendescribed in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the presentpatent disclosure.

It is further understood that the use of relational terms such as firstand second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish onefrom another entity, item, or action without necessarily requiring orimplying any actual such relationship or order between such entities,items or actions.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be notedthat, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in theblock may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, twoblocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantiallyconcurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverseorder, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be notedthat each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedsystems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations ofspecial purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Some portions of the detailed description in the above are presented interms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on databits or binary digital signals within a computer memory. Thesealgorithmic descriptions and representations may be the techniques usedby those skilled in the data processing arts to convey the substance oftheir work to others skilled in the art.

An algorithm is generally, considered to be a self-consistent sequenceof acts or operations leading to a desired result. These includephysical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though notnecessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magneticsignals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, andotherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principallyfor reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values,elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers or the like. It should beunderstood, however, that all of these and similar terms are to beassociated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merelyconvenient labels applied to these quantities.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the abovediscussions, it is appreciated that throughout the specificationdiscussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,”“calculating,” “determining,” or the like, refer to the action and/orprocesses of a computer or computing system, or similar electroniccomputing media player device, that manipulate and/or transform datarepresented as physical, such as electronic, quantities within thecomputing system's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computing system'smemories, registers or other such information storage, transmit sessionor display devices.

Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure can beimplemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware,firmware, software, or in combinations thereof. Apparatus within thescope of the present disclosure can be implemented in a computer programproduct tangibly embodied in a machine-readable storage medium forexecution by a programmable processor; and method actions within thescope of the present disclosure can be performed by a programmableprocessor executing a program of instructions to perform functions ofthe present disclosure by operating on input data and generating output.Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure may beimplemented advantageously in one or more computer programs that areexecutable on a programmable system including at least one programmableprocessor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmitdata and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one inputdevice, and at least one output device. Each computer program can beimplemented in a high-level procedural or object oriented programminglanguage, or in assembly or machine language if desired; and in anycase, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language. Suitableprocessors include, by way of example, both general and special purposemicroprocessors. Generally, a processor will receive instructions anddata from a read-only memory and/or a random access memory. Generally, acomputer will include one or more mass storage devices for storing datafiles. Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure includecomputer-readable media for carrying or having computer-executableinstructions, computer-readable instructions, or data structures storedthereon. Such computer-readable media may be any available media, whichis accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer system.Examples of computer-readable media may include physical storage mediasuch as RAM, ROM, EPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magneticdisk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other media whichcan be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions, computer-readable instructions, ordata structures and which may be accessed by a general-purpose orspecial-purpose computer system. Any of the foregoing can besupplemented by, or incorporated in, ASICs (application-specificintegrated circuits). It should be understood that embodiments of thepresent disclosure may be used in a variety of applications. Althoughthe present disclosure is not limited in this respect, the methodsdisclosed herein may be used in many apparatuses such as in thetransmitters, receivers and transceivers of a radio system. Radiosystems intended to be included within the scope of the presentdisclosure include, by way of example only, cellular radiotelephonecommunication systems, satellite communication systems, two-way radiocommunication systems, one-way pagers, two-way pagers, personalcommunication systems (PCS), personal digital assistants (PDA's),notebook computers in wireless local area networks (WLAN), wirelessmetropolitan area networks (WMAN), wireless wide area networks (WWAN),or wireless personal area networks (WPAN, and the like).

1. An interactive digital flyer system comprising: a flyer image tilerfor creating a flyer image tile set, the set including multiple copiesof a flyer image segmented into a plurality of flyer image tiles witheach copy representing the flyer image at one of a plurality of zoomlevels, wherein a copy of the multiple copies is configured to fitwithin a viewport having a resolution; and a flyer image tile store forstoring the flyer image tile set.
 2. The system according to claim 1,wherein the system responds to a request from a communication device byserving the flyer image tile displayable in the viewport of thecommunication device, or to be cached at the communication device, orboth.
 3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a flyerdata store for storing flyer-related information.
 4. The systemaccording to claim 3, wherein the flyer-related information comprisescontextual information, point of interest, product specific informationor feedback information, or a combination thereof.
 5. The systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the flyer image tile store comprises aplurality of flyer image tile sets, each set comprising a copy of theflyer image configured to fit within one of a plurality of viewportresolutions.
 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the pluralityof viewport resolutions being associated with known resolutions ofdisplay screens.
 7. The system according to claim 1, further comprisinga feedback data store for storing feedback information.
 8. The systemaccording to claim 7, wherein the feedback information comprisesviewscore for each flyer image tile, the viewscore being varied when theflyer image tile is served to a communication device.
 9. The systemaccording to claim 8, wherein magnitude of variation of the viewscorebeing dependent on the flyer image tile served, position of the flyerimage tile served relative to the viewport, or the zoom level of theflyer image tile served, or a combination thereof.
 10. The systemaccording to claim 8, wherein the feedback information further comprisesdate and time at which the viewscore was varied, an IP address of thecommunication device, or locale information of the communication device,or a combination thereof.
 11. The system according to claim 7, whereinthe feedback information is used to generate a feedback report, tovalidate flyer-related information stored in a flyer data store, orboth.
 12. The system according to claim 2, wherein the flyer image tileto be cached at the communication device being determined based onfeedback information from a feedback store, a viewport informationassociated with the viewport of the communication device, orflyer-related information from a flyer data store, or a combinationthereof.
 13. A method of displaying an interactive digital flyer on acommunication device, the method comprising: requesting at thecommunication device for an interactive digital flyer at an initial zoomlevel, the request comprising device information of the communicationdevice; receiving a flyer image tile within a flyer image tile set ofthe requested interactive digital flyer, the set including multiplecopies of a flyer image segmented into tiles with each copy representingthe flyer image at one of a plurality of zoom levels, the flyer imagetile at the initial zoom level being associated with a copy of themultiple copies configured to fit within the viewport; and displayingthe flyer image tile at the initial zoom level in the viewport.
 14. Themethod according to claim 13, further comprising: requesting at thecommunication device for a new flyer image tile based on a vieweraction, the request comprising device information; receiving the newflyer image tile based on the viewer action and displayable within theviewport of the communication device; and displaying the new flyer imagetile in the viewport.
 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein theviewer action is a zoom-in, zoom-out, or pan, or a combination thereof.16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: receiving thenew flyer image tile not yet displayable within the viewport of thecommunication device but for caching in a memory of the communicationdevice.
 17. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:requesting at the communication device for flyer-related informationassociated with the requested interactive digital flyer; and receivingthe requested flyer-related information.
 18. The method according toclaim 17, wherein the flyer-related information comprises contextualinformation, point of interest, product specific information or feedbackinformation, or a combination thereof.
 19. The method according to claim17, wherein the flyer-related information is displayed on the viewportof the communication device as a table of content, a navigation strip orboth.
 20. A computer readable storage medium storing instructions orstatements for use in the execution in a processor of a method fordisplaying applications on a mobile device, the method comprising:requesting at the communication device for an interactive digital flyerat an initial zoom level, the request comprising device information ofthe communication device; receiving a flyer image tile within a flyerimage tile set of the requested interactive digital flyer, the setincluding multiple copies of a flyer image segmented into tiles witheach copy representing the flyer image at one of a plurality of zoomlevels, the flyer image tile at the initial zoom level being associatedwith a copy of the multiple copies configured to fit within theviewport; and displaying the flyer image tile at the initial zoom levelin the viewport.